As a form of human civilization, Chinese path to modernization not only shares common features with the modernization processes of other countries while also embodies characteristics unique to China's own national conditions. Chinese path to modernization represents a path opened by the Chinese nation under the guidance of Marxism, following the universal laws of human modernization development. It is the manifestation of "individuality" achieved through the historical practice of the Chinese nation, representing a self-evident process that embodies the dialectical unity of universality and particularity. This unity requires that the distinctive features of Chinese path to modernization be maintained and refined through exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations. The "Chinese characteristics" of Chinese path to modernization are expressed by embodying the universal elements of human modernization, and in the process of demonstrating the universality of modernization, Chinese characteristics achieve a true form of modernization that can promote and enrich the common values of human civilization. To genuinely integrate Chinese modernization into the broader context of human modernization, it must affirm and amplify its universality through its distinct Chinese features. In this sense, Chinese characteristics serve as the pathway for Chinese path to modernization to transcend itself, promote its own development, and contribute to the advancement of human civilization.
The party building in new business forms and new employment groups has emerged as a new topic in the new field of grass-roots party construction in the new era. Rooted in the theoretical soil of Marxist classical writers on the construction of grass-roots party organizations, it absorbs the essence of Chinese excellent traditional culture, rationally applies effective theories and methods from modern management science, and draws from the practical experience of the Chinese Communist Party's grassroots organizational development. This approach aligns with the needs of fostering the growth of new business forms and new employment groups while strengthening the party's comprehensive leadership. Currently, there are some difficulties in the party building of new business forms and new employment groups, including questions of "who is responsible" "how to implement""weak organizational capacity" and "how to ensure the effectiveness". To address these issues, effective pathways include clarifying the responsibility of the party's construction work and building a responsibility system for the party's construction work, adopting categorized approaches to establish party organizations to achieve "organizational coverage" and "work coverage", strengthening the study education, training, assessment and supervision of party affairs workers and members to enhance primary-level organizational capacity, improving intra-party care services to safeguard the rights and interests of new employment groups in their study, work, and daily lives, and advancing urban-rural integration and grassroots governance modernization under the guidance of grassroots party building. These measures constitute effective pathways for strengthening party building in new business forms and new employment groups in the new era.
Digital imperialism is a new form of global expansion and monopolistic hegemony of digital capital. Its core lies in the reconstruction of production relations through data colonization and algorithmic manipulation, as well as the implementation of ideological domination through platform monopolies and data hegemony. Digital imperialism incorporates global digital labor into a system of data exploitation, using algorithmic surveillance and platform monopolies to create a model of unpaid labor that merges production and consumption. At the same time, it dissolves public critical consciousness through information cocoons and strategies of hyper-entertainment in media and narrative. Ideological power, as a tool for materializing the will of capital, achieves cognitive colonization through economic domination and media discipline, forcing workers into a predicament of self-exploitation. In response to the ideological risks and challenges posed by digital imperialism, it is essential to adopt a Marxist political economy critique, driven by new forms of productive forces. Through the practical strengthening of socialist economic power, it is possible to break through the logic of data hegemony, compete for global ideological discourse power, and build a digital community of shared future based on consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits.
At present, China's virtual digital human industry is in a critical period of rapid development. As a typical representative of new quality productive forces, virtual digital human is expanding application scenarios and increasingly diversifying generated digital content. However, numerous controversies persist regarding the copyrightability of content generated by virtual digital human and its legal status. To address these, a reader-centrism standard should be adopted, evaluating the commercial value of such content from the audience's perspective and establishing a "non-substantial similarity" criterion for assessing originality. Specifically, the "analytic dissection" test and the"total concept and feel" test could be utilized to determine the originality of content generated by virtual digital humans. Simultaneously, the legal status of virtual digital human should be categorized based on their degree of autonomy to resolve the question of whether it can qualified as author. On its basis, the virtual digital beings that meet the condition can be deemed to be authors and then provide copyright protection for works they generated, so as to orderly construct a systematical copyright governance mechanism that meets the practical needs of the digital content industry's development.
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to accelerate the development of the digital economy and deepen its integration with the real economy. Currently, the digital economy has become a new engine for sustained economic growth, while the development of the digital economy requires substantial financial investment from governments. Against the backdrop of rising local government debt, it is crucial to examine whether the scale of local government debt financing inhibits the development of urban digital economy. Using panel data from prefecture-level and above cities in China (2011-2022), this study examined the impact of local government debt on urban digital economy development. It finds that local government debt scale significantly suppresses the growth of the urban digital economy. Further analysis shows that the negative impact is more pronounced in non-central cities, cities with low policy intensity and cities with low R&D intensity. This research provides theoretical and policy insights for local governments to optimize debt financing strategies and foster digital economy growth.
The Green Credit Guidelines (GCG), enacted in 2012, use green credit as a tool to steer capital toward sustainable sectors like green innovation, thereby promoting optimal resource allocation. However, given their inherent high-pollution characteristics, does the GCG suppress green innovation in heavily polluting enterprises? Using the data of A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2022, this study constructed a quasi-natural experiment based on the 2012 GCG and employed a difference-in-differences (DID) model to examine the impact of green credit policy on the green innovation of heavy polluting enterprises. The results show that the green credit policy significantly inhibits green innovation in heavily polluting enterprises. This effect primarily operates through two mechanisms: reducing financing scale and increasing credit costs, which exacerbate financial constraints and indirectly hinder green innovation activities. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the negative impact of the GCG is more pronounced for non-state-owned firms, enterprises in central and western regions, and smaller-scale heavily polluting firms. Based on the findings of the study, this paper proposes several policy recommendations: (1) the government should refine green credit regulatory standards; (2) financial institutions should provide diversified, specialized credit services for heavily polluting firms; and (3) heavily polluting enterprises should enhance their environmental disclosure and increase investments in green innovation.
The e-CNY possesses unique features such as non-misappropriation without authorization and "payment-finality-upon-transfer". It is issued by China's central bank and distributed to the public through the designated commercial banks, while non-designated commercial banks and other financial or commercial institutions participate in the circulation of the e-CNY. Under the premise of separating basic business and subsidiary business, designated commercial banks are monetary-issuing intermediary to carry out basic interbank e-CNY exchange business for the central bank and basic e-CNY payment business for users. Most of those businesses may be covered by the statutory business such as opening central bank accounts, handling cash deposits or withdrawals, and participating in open market operations under existing laws, but the regulatory standards for various types of businesses are different, with the lack of legal constraints on subsidiary businesses such as the conversion of e-CNY and traditional forms of money. In this regard, this paper proposed a unified market access mechanism for basic e-CNY businesses, covering entity qualifications, security safeguards, and operational scales. Specifically, it suggests: (1) to strengthen the legal status of designated banks as "monetary issuance intermediaries" by (ⅰ) formalizing administrative authorization relationships, (ⅱ) to impose high-standard cybersecurity and data protection obligations, and (ⅲ) to take contingency support measures; (2)to enhance auxiliary legal safeguards for non-designated banks as "monetary circulation intermediaries" through price supervision and rules for currency conversion.
The application of UBI (Usage-Based Insurance) in auto insurance offers positive effects such as achieving a balance between premiums and risk pricing, enhancing risk prevention and control capabilities, and correcting drivers' poor driving behaviors. However, it also brings new challenges to the protection of insurance consumers' personal information. To address the information asymmetry between policyholders, insurers, and telematics service providers, correct the imbalance between individual rights and algorithmic power, and balance the inherent tension between personal information protection and its use, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of personal information in UBI. At present, China's UBI personal information protection faces the divergence of the paths between public law protection and private law protection, the fragmentation, low order and lag of legal norms, as well as the lag of regulatory agencies, regulatory concepts and regulatory methods. In view of this, personal information protection in UBI auto insurance in China should adopt a coordinated model that taking public law as the main approach and the private law as a supplement. It is necessary to integrate the legal norms related to personal information protection in UBI auto insurance, unify regulatory authorities, innovate regulatory concepts, and improve regulatory methods, thereby providing a rule-of-law guarantee for the widespread application and healthy development of UBI auto insurance.
As a category of minor offense governance, illegal hunting presents difficulties in clearly demarcating criminal culpability. By analyzing the indictment and non-prosecution decision of illegal hunting cases, this paper analyzes the practical difficulties in the prosecution discretion of such cases, with the aim of establishing standardized guidelines for similar cases. While judicial regulations provide some normative framework for prosecution, persistent issues remain in practice: excessively low thresholds for criminalizing illegal hunting; ambiguous boundaries between administrative violations and criminal acts; lack of uniform case-handling standards; judicial tendencies favoring objective imputation while neglecting subjective elements. To prevent judicial overreach, future practice should give priority to administrative criminal cases, gradually establish a unified standard for regional case handling, and comprehensively determine the scale of prosecution. And it should avoid the simple objective imputation, and abide by the principle of subjective and objective consistency. It also should establish a governance strategy based on compensation and supplemented by punishment, truly give full play to the guiding function of law, and promote the protection of wildlife and the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.
With the deep embedding of information technology practices into social structures, digital platforms have emerged as the core spatial organizational form of modern societal operations, driving the recentralization of cyberspace. Leveraging their resource endowments and technological monopolies, digital platforms not only provide the virtual space for the emergence and spread of cyber violence, but also serve as key responsible entities in their governance. Within the specific context of digital platforms, the mechanisms through which cyber violence is generated and disseminated include: amplifying certain topics and content production, intensifying the distorion and diffusion of violent information, and reinforcing unidimensional moral judgments and justice-based accusations. Currently, the governance of cyber violence by digital platforms in China faces significant challenges, such as unclear regulatory responsibilities, regulatory overload, and rigid enforcement approaches. To address these challenges, it is imperative to shift the governance focus from "behavioral control" to "information governance", to refine the platform regulatory frameworks by moderately narrowing the scope of platform obligations, to unleash their self-regulatory potential by adopting hybrid regulatory instruments combining coercive and incentive-based measures. These measures will help reshape the role of digital platforms in cyber violence governance and promote a more scientific and systematic approach to addressing this issue in China.
Sentiment analysis of online texts is a key approach for studying online events, understanding public attitudes, and tracking trends in public opinion. However, existing Chinese sentiment corpora face limitations in annotation system, sample size, and domain adaptability, restricting their application in information processing. Therefore, this study focuses on comments related to popular social events on Weibo, aiming to develop a high-frequency word sentiment corpus with strong domain applicability and large-scale dimensional sentiment annotation. Using Python, online texts were collected, segmented, and cleaned to extract high-frequency words. A total of 63 valid participants rated 661 selected high-frequency words across four affective dimensions—valence (pleasure-displeasure), arousal, dominance, and approach-avoidance—on a 9-point scale. The results of exploratory factor analysis show that the cumulative contribution rate of pleasure, arousal, and dominance exceeds 99%, indicating that the assessment comprehensively captured the emotional information of vocabulary. Additionally, two principal components were extracted: the first component primarily reflects the extent to which readers perceive positive or negative emotional experiences and generate corresponding approach or avoidance tendencies, while the second reflects the intensity and level of control over these emotions. This corpus not only enriches resources for sentiment analysis of online texts but also serves as an auxiliary tool for analyzing hot social events and forecasting public opinion, demonstrating significant theoretical and practical value.
