With the rapid development of general-purpose artificial intelligence model(GPAI), its application in party building has begun to attract widespread attention. Through the analysis of the ideological generation mechanism and theoretical basis of the GPAI, this paper revealed the functional characteristics and essential differences of artificial intelligence in the process of simulating human consciousness and systematically discussed the significance, opportunities and challenges of the GPAI in the party building. It also stated how to effectively use the technology to promote the intelligent, systematic and scientific transformation of the party building work. On the basis of in-depth identification of the main challenges facing the party building work under the ability of the general large model of artificial intelligence, including educational risk, organizational risk, political risk and ideological risk, the comprehensive practical strategy of concept transformation, normative system construction and implementation system construction was proposed to realize the effective integration of party building work and artificial intelligence technology.

The study explored the critical role of enterprise supply chain management in achieving long-term sustainable development. Particularly in the context of intensified international competition and the continuous upgrading of domestic consumption structures, strengthening supply chain management is of great significance for promoting high-quality enterprise development and facilitating economic structural transformation and upgrading. Taking Chinese A-share listed companies from 2014 to 2023 as the research object, it examined the impact of supply chain concentration on corporate sustainable development performance. The findings show that there is a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between supply chain concentration and corporate sustainable development performance. Further analysis reveals that supply chain efficiency and financing constraints play a mediating role in the relationship between supply chain concentration and corporate sustainability performance. Specifically, supply chain concentration has an inverted U-shaped relationship with supply chain efficiency and a negative relationship with financing constraints. Supply chain efficiency has a positive impact on sustainability performance, while financing constraints have an inverted U-shaped relationship with corporate sustainability performance. In addition, the inverted U-shaped relationship between supply chain concentration and corporate sustainability performance is especially obvious in state-owned enterprises and senior enterprises.

Based on the data of a-share listed manufacturing companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2015 to 2023, this study divided these companies into AI enterprises and non-AI enterprises according to whether they have integrated into the AI industry chain. Using a multi-period PSM-DID model, it explored the impact of AI on the employment scale and employment structure of manufacturing enterprises in China. The research finds that AI significantly expands the overall employment scale of manufacturing enterprises. Through mediation effect testing, it discovered that AI technology mainly increases the overall employment scale by enhancing the intensity of corporate R&D investment. Upon further analysis, the application of AI technology has a significant positive effect on employees with master's degree high school and below educational backgrounds. In contrast, employees with associate degree level education are squeezed out by the substitution effect of AI, leading to a "polarization" phenomenon. Moreover, the impact of AI technology on the employment scale of manufacturing enterprise staff varies across different departments, sub-industries, and three major regions. On this basis, it proposed that governments and enterprises should promote sustainable and high-quality development in manufacturing through policy guidance, technological innovation, and education and training, ensuring a smooth transition and prosperity in the job market during industrial transformation.

Deng Xiaoping developed the theory of the socialist market economy through actively exploring socialist practices with Chinese characteristics. In terms of ontology, starting from the essence of socialism and China's specific national condition, Deng Xiaoping clarified the basic connotation and development direction of the socialist market economy; in terms of epistemology, Deng Xiaoping insisted on understanding the inherent stipulations of the socialist market economy from the great practice of reform and opening up; in terms of methodology, Deng Xiaoping insisted on the scientific method of thinking and the integration of all the work of advancing the development of the socialist market economy. A comprehensive analysis of Deng Xiaoping's theory of the socialist market economy from a philosophical perspective can better help us understand and grasp the theoretical foundation and practical path of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the market economy, providing valuable insights for China's economic development.

In cases of joint crimes involving illegal fundraising, the determination of restitution responsibilities for each offender becomes a significant challenge in judicial practice due to the large number of offenders and the complexity of their roles. In the context of joint crimes involving illegal fundraising, there are three perspectives on the division of restitution responsibilities in China: joint restitution, individual restitution, and a mixed approach. As a measure for disposing of illegal gains, an order to make restitution has the nature of returning unjust enrichment. The division of restitution responsibilities in joint crimes involving illegal fundraising should align with the inherent attributes of the restitution order system while also balancing litigation efficiency and the full realization of the system's objectives. In dealing with the application of substitute asset forfeiture in joint criminal cases, the United States has gradually evolved a "dominance and control standard". Using this standard to determine restitution responsibilities in joint crime cases remains consistent with the inherent attributes of the restitution order system and offers a degree of flexibility. China can take the "dominance and control standard" as a reference, maintaining the principle of individual restitution while taking the actual control exercised by co-offenders over the illegal gains as the basis. Specific considerations can then be made for the determination of restitution responsibilities in different case scenarios.

The rise of the global abolition movement of death penalty has a complex background. For a long time, the abolition of the death penalty has been dominated by the single thread of human rights discourse and universal narrative, and the special political factors behind it have been ignored by the academic community. In the debate on the death penalty between European and American academic circles, American scholars revealed the political process of incorporating the local death penalty abolition story into the universal human rights discourse in Europe, and explained why America retains the death penalty in view of the special national conditions of America and defended the localism of the death penalty. On the issue of death penalty, the essence of the debate between Europe and America is the discourse right of human rights, the debate between universalism and nativism, and the debate between liberalism and conservatism. The discussion on the death penalty in China today is influenced by the narrative of European universalism. Therefore, the majority of the academic community supports the abolition of the death penalty, which seriously deviates from China's national conditions and public opinion. The debate on the death penalty in Europe and America reveals that we should be alert to the infiltration of value on the death penalty issue, strengthen China's position on the death penalty issue from China's actual conditions and promote the reform of the death penalty in China with a broader vision.

With the rapid development of science and technology, artificial intelligence technology has gradually been applied to the field of administrative penalties, resulting in the emergence of intelligent administrative penalty as a new form of administrative punishment. However, due to the inherent limitations of intelligent technology and the shortcomings in current institutional frameworks, intelligent administrative penalties pose new challenges to the traditional principles of due process and impact the procedural rights of administrative counterparts. At the present stage, the protection of procedural rights for administrative counterparts in China remains insufficient, and lacks the necessary attention to the public participation in the intelligent punishment procedure.In addition, the traditional mechanism of relief and responsibility has a systemic lag due to the technical characteristics of the administrative penalty procedure, which creates an obstacle to the protection of the procedural rights of administrative counterparts. In this regard, China's intelligent administrative penalties should adopt a "human-in-the-loop"supervision model, with "technical controllability" and "rights accessibility" as the core to protect the procedural rights of administrative counterparts, so that the technical expansion of administrative power is always limited by the effectiveness of procedural participation, the substantive nature of remedies and the clarity of attribution of responsibility.

Article 12 of Interpretation by the Supreme People's Court of Several Issues Concerning the Application of Title One General Provisions of Book Three Contracts of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China explains the provisions of the obligation to submit for approval, but the doubts about the nature of the obligation to submit for approval, the liability for violating the obligation to submit for approval and how to bear it are still unresolved, which need to clarify issues and fill in gaps by the interpretation theory. The contract not submitted for approval is in the special zone between the establishment and effectiveness of the contract, but the obligation to submit for approval has been independently effective, and the obligor shall bear the liability for breach of contract if they fail to fulfill the obligation. If the contract is not effective due to the violation of the approval obligation, the remedies should be considered according to whether the obligation has the conditions for continued performance: If the approval obligation is violated but can continue to perform, the remedies are continued performance and compensation for the direct losses before the performance of the approval obligation; if the applicant violates the approval obligation and cannot continue to perform, the liability for breach of contract obligation shall be extended, and the loss calculation shall extend to other unperformed parts of the contract. Such claims are based on losses arising from the breach of the approval obligation, rather than on contractual negligence. This has both empirical considerations and legal methods.

Digital application is an important means to improve the innovation ability of enterprises. However, many enterprises' digital application has fallen into trouble in practice and has not achieved actual results. By introducing the mediating variable of cross-border search and the moderating variable of environmental dynamism, this study explored the heterogeneous impact of digitalization on ambidextrous innovation. The hypotheses were tested through questionnaire surveys and statistical analysis methods. The results show that digital application has a significant positive impact on exploratory innovation, while digital application has a significant negative impact on exploitative innovation. Cross-border search plays a mediating role between digital application and exploratory innovation as well as between digital application and exploitative innovation. Environmental dynamism plays a positive regulating role between digital application and cross-border search. The study further finds that environmental dynamism positively moderates the mediating role of cross-border search between digital application and exploratory innovation, digital application and exploitative innovation. This study expands the research on the relationship between digital application and ambidextrous innovation, and provides a useful reference for enterprises to correctly play the management practice of digital application in improving innovation ability.

Brain computer interface technology has great potential in improving human health and well-being.However, its applications may pose risks such as physical harm, psychological damage, and interference with autonomy of will.The underlying causes lie in the overlap between the brain's vulnerability and the potential dangers of the technology, the conflict between spiritual privacy and the necessity of reading the brain, and the tension between technological innovation and legal lag. Therefore, a dynamic informed consent model should be adopted, and medical personnel should fully and continuously fulfill their obligation to explain, and periodically evaluate the patient's ability to give informed consent, and decide whether to obtain consent authorization again depending on the situation.It also needs to establish a human neural rights system, including the rights to mental privacy, mental integrity, and free will. The rules of civil juristic act should be improved, and the law should recognize that natural persons can make an expression of intent through brain computer interface technology. A natural person should have the right of revocation when they make an expression of intent that does not reflect their true intention due to equipment malfunction or external interference, and differential protection should be provided based on whether the other party is aware of the situation.

Deng Xiaoping's key points of talks in Wuchang, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Shanghai and other places (hereinafter referred to as "the Southern Talks") is a classic text depicting the grand blueprint of Chinese path to modernization, which constructed "four beams and eight pillars" for the overall form of modernization from the perspective of socialism with Chinese characteristics. "The Southern Talks" takes Chinese path to modernization as the narrative theme and integrates the three dimensions of political implications, spiritual conditions, and dependence factors: political implications are the premise, which leads the form of Chinese path to modernization; the spiritual conditions are the key, which supports the form of Chinese path to modernization; dependence factors are the foundation, which consolidates the form of Chinese path to modernization. At the same time, each dimension contains three basic points: political implications include political effect, political determination, and political construction; spiritual conditions include innovative spirit, learning spirit, and institutional spirit; dependence factors include development opportunity, growth rate, and scientific and technological advancement. Finally, three dimensions and nine key points can form a three-dimensional narrative system of Chinese path to modernization.

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasizes the need to "present a credible, lovable, and respectable image of China." Chinese path to modernization serves as an important emblem of the national image, while the national image reflects the essence of Chinese modernization. Both are unified in the overarching goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Shaping a favorable national image can mobilize forward momentum for Chinese modernization, clarify misconceptions in external perceptions, and provide a realistic lens for understanding. The construction of the national image aligns with the five core characteristics of Chinese modernization. It portrays China as a historically grand and influential eastern power, a people-centered nation committed to its founding mission, a civilization embodying coordinated development and harmony, a land of ecological beauty, and a global power demonstrating peaceful development. These efforts aim to create a positive public opinion environment and enhance the soft power necessary for advancing Chinese path to modernization.

The development of the digital economy has had a profound impact on the skill structure in the labor market. Based on panel data from 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China from 2011 to 2022, this study used methods such as bidirectional fixed effects models and nonlinear moderation models to explore whether the development of the digital economy can alleviate labor market polarization. The research results show: the development of the digital economy can promote the growth of employment for medium skilled labor and suppress the polarization between high skilled and low skilled labor, thereby alleviating the "polarization" of the labor market. From a specific mechanism perspective, the development of the digital economy alleviates the "polarization" of the labor market mainly by enhancing the heterogeneity and complementarity of labor skills and enhancing labor mobility. The development of the digital economy can not only significantly alleviate the high skill polarization bias of technological progress on the labor market, but also have a negative moderating effect on the U-shaped relationship between industrial structure upgrading and labor market polarization. However, there is gender heterogeneity in the alleviating effect of digital economy development on the "polarization" of the labor market. It has a significant bidirectional alleviation effect on the "polarization" of the labor market for female samples, while its inhibitory effect on the "polarization" of the labor market for male samples is mainly manifested in the high skill bias. Therefore, it is suggested to fully develop the digital economy, accelerate the application of digital technology tools and platforms in the labor market, and leverage the opportunities brought by the digital era. This approach can help mitigate the "polarization" trend in the labor market, contributing to the realization of high-quality and full employment in China.

This paper employed the composite system synergy model and empirical analysis to address two pivotal questions: Firstly, does the integration of innovation, industrial, and capital chains within the comprehensive "four-chain integration" framework effectively catalyze economic development? Secondly, if there are positive impacts, how do these contributions vary, and what are the specific manifestations of these disparities in regions characterized by different levels of economic development? The research demonstrates that the integration of innovation, industrial, and capital chains significantly boost regional economic development. Among them, the close integration of the innovation chain with the industrial chain, as well as the innovation chain with the capital chain, has a stronger impact on promoting economic growth compared to the integration of the capital chain with the industrial chain. The integration of the innovation chain with the industrial chain and the funding chain with the industrial chain primarily promotes economic development by advancing the process of industrialization. In contrast, the integration of the innovation chain with the funding chain drives economic development mainly by expanding financing scales. In different regions of economic development, such as in the comparative analysis of eastern, central, and western China, the impact of "dual-chain integration" on economic development exhibits heterogeneity.Accordingly, the paper put forward suggestions for the development of dual-chain integration across the country and in each region, providing theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting dual-chain integration and fostering regional economic development.

Optimizing the business environment is a pressing governance issue that needs to be addressed in the context of high-quality development. Building a digital government is one of the key approaches to achieving this optimization. Based on the panel data of 31 provinces in China from 2017 to 2021, this paper analyzed how the digital government optimizes the business environment and explored its spatial spillover effect. The results show that digital government significantly optimizes the business environment and remains reliable after a series of robustness tests. Mechanism analysis shows that the digital government optimizes the regional business environment by strengthening the relationship between government and business. The heterogeneity analysis shows that there is no significant difference in the optimization of the business environment of digital governance in the north and south of China, while there are significant differences in the optimization effect of different policy pilot areas. Further spatial econometric analysis shows that there is a significant spillover effect of digital government in optimizing the business environment. This study provides theoretical insights for further exploring how governments can optimize the business environment in the digital era and for building a "capable government" and an "efficient market".

The deep integration of digital empowerment in manufacturing and logistics is not only a specific requirement for developing new quality productivity, but also an effective way to build a modern industrial system. Based on this, this article theoretically explained the direct and indirect mechanisms of digital empowerment in the deep integration of manufacturing and logistics industries. At the same time, it selected the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2012 to 2022 to empirically test the mechanism of digital empowerment in the integration of the two industries, using an improved distance synergy model, random effects Tobit regression model, and mediation effect model. Research shows that digital empowerment has a significant positive impact on the integration of the two industries, and this conclusion is robust; optimizing industrial structure is an important path for the deep integration of digital empowerment and two industries; and the effect of digital empowerment on the integration of the two industries varies in different regions and industrial structures, with the role being particularly significant in the northeastern region and technology intensive areas. In addition, through the grouping regression of digital empowerment dimensions, it was found that the impact of digital talent empowerment on the integration of the two industries is more prominent. To this end, it is necessary to continuously deepen the deep integration of technological innovation and industrial innovation, strengthen the cultivation of digital talents, and pay attention to the guidance of government policies and the optimization of the industrial structure.

The comprehension criterion for AI provides a basis for determining whether AI has comprehension. Human understanding emerges from the combined influence of cognitive ability, volitional ability, and interpretative ability. In contrast, the understanding ability of artificial intelligence, which mimics human understanding, is manifested through the interaction of cognitive ability and interpretative ability. Based on Donald Mitch's classification of AI's learning ability, AI's understanding can be divided into simple understanding, concrete understanding and formal understanding. Simple understanding can make simple identification or judgement of things; specific understanding can apply relevant concepts and make induction and reasoning about specific things; formal understanding can make sense of the real. DeepSeek-R1, which has the ability to reason deeply and solve complex problems, has been primed with formal understanding to some extent. Simple understanding and concrete understanding belong to epistemological understanding, and formal understanding belongs to ontological understanding. The process of understanding in artificial intelligence needs to align with factors such as intended use and objective facts. These factors serve as the fundamental basis for determining whether the understanding demonstrated by artificial intelligence is reasonable.

The "appropriate connection" rule for foreign affairs in China began in judicial practice and was later confirmed by legislative norms. Article 276, 301, and 304 of Civil Procedure Law of the Republic of China (2023 Amendment) respectively refer to the special territorial jurisdiction norms of the "appropriate connection" rule, the norms for denying the jurisdiction of foreign courts, and the norms for recognizing and enforcing effective arbitration awards. The three provisions of the "appropriate connection" rule have inherent risks of vague standards and unclear scales in their application, which may lead to external risks such as excessive expansion of the judge's authority, infringement of the rights and interests of the parties, and disruption of the unity of the existing regulatory system. Under the "connection theory" of foreign-related disputes, Chinese newly established "appropriate connection" rule is between the principle of actual connection and the principle of minimum connection, and should be flexibly grasped. When applying the "appropriate connection" rule, limitations on the application of elements and scope should be made based on the different provisions cited. Therefore, for different types of foreign-related civil disputes, further refinement of the types is still needed, and necessary jurisdiction should be used as a cover for purpose.

Consciousness is an inherent attribute of a party, which constitutes the key factor supporting and guiding all the thoughts and actions of a party. Based on the different class attributes of parties, the party consciousness can be divided into two different types, namely, the bourgeois party consciousness and the proletarian party consciousness, will be formed. The CPC has vividly demonstrated and greatly enriched the proletarian party consciousness in the long-term struggle process, and shaped the party consciousness of the CPC with the logical structure of ideological, political and practical levels. The ideological consciousness of the CPC is reflected in the uphold and innovation of the guiding ideology, the absorption and sublimation of the wisdom of the people, and firm belief in ideals and beliefs. The political consciousness of the CPC is embodied in its firm adherence to the people's position, loyal support for the leadership core, and unremitting shaping of a good political ecology. The practical consciousness of the CPC is reflected in its ability to refine practical experience in historical summary, its courage to refine practical ability in self revolution, and its sensitivity to clarify practical direction in practical problems. A high degree of party consciousness is the core code of the CPC over the past 100 years and it is also a rightful meaning for the CPC to continue to write a new picture of the new era and new journey.

As a component of state power, ideology plays a vital role in the governing party's governance. As a scientific theoretical system, Marxism improves and transcends itself in the process of continuous development and innovation, and its internal contains characteristics such as rationality, people's nature, practicality, and innovation. The long-term governance of the Communist Party of China has its inherent ideological logic: the scientific rationality of Marxist ideology must be taken as the political logic of the party's long-term governance; the ideology of standing on the position of the people must be taken as the fundamental value of the party's long-term governance; the ideological practice must be taken as the practical logic of the party's long-term governance; the ideological theory innovation must be taken as the development logic of the party's long-term governance. Maintaining and consolidating the party's long-term governance position is a major practical topic proposed by the development of the times. It is necessary to put Marxism in the core position to ensure that the party's long-term governance ideological cornerstone is stable and unwavering.

The shift from damage relief to risk prevention is an inevitable trend. In this context, China's environmental civil public interest litigation has gradually extended from the compensation public interest litigation centered on the subsequent damage compensation to the preventive public interest litigation with the goal of risk prevention in advance. It will help to improve the preventive function and governance efficiency of public interest litigation by focusing on the judicial practice, investigating the operation status and practical difficulties of preventive environmental civil public interest litigation, and exploring the system optimization path that fits the characteristics of such litigation. Specifically, it encompasses the expansion of relief scope of preventive environmental public interest litigation to include not only the ecological environment risks but also the environmental health risks. It also entails optimizing the judicial identification rules pertaining to "significant risk", enhancing environmental quality standards and risk assessment mechanisms, with particular emphasis on safeguarding human health. Additionally, it involves reasonably allocating the burden of proof for both parties, clarifying the distinction between "correlation" and "causation", and applying the standard of "dominant evidence" to plaintiffs who bear preliminary burden of proof.

The reform of the corn storage and reservation system is an important measure to advance the market-oriented reform of the grain industry, marking a crucial turning point in the shift of corn reserve management from the government to enterprises. Based on quarterly panel data from Chinese listed grain companies from 2008 to 2023, this study employed a Difference-in-differences model to explore the impact of market-oriented reform of the corn storage and reservation system on the inventory management efficiency of grain enterprises. The research findings indicate that the market-oriented reform of the storage and reservation system can enhance the inventory management efficiency of local grain enterprises. This effect exhibits significant heterogeneity. That is, compared with non-state-owned enterprises and enterprises in areas where the product market is less mature, the market-oriented reform of the storage and reservation system has a more significant impact on state-owned enterprises and enterprises in areas with mature product market. In terms of economic consequences, the market-oriented reform of the storage and reservation system improves the operational performance of grain enterprises by enhancing inventory management efficiency. In general, the research conclusion provides micro experience for further promoting the reform of the market-led grain circulation system.

This paper employed the asymmetric Conditional Value at Risk (CoVaR) methodology to measure the tail risk spillover within the Hong Kong stock market from corresponding industries in Chinese mainland, aimed to identify vulnerable sub-markets, analyzed the dynamic relationships and influencing factors of tail risk during periods of different market shocks, and dissected the channels through which financial risks propagate from an industry market perspective. The research reveals that: (1)The tail risk spillover from Hong Kong to Chinese mainland is concentrated on unnecessary consume and industry sub markets.(2)There is heterogeneity in tail risk spillover in different industries, which plays a significant role in trade openness and financial openness in the market with a high degree of internationalization.(3)The main infectious channels play different roles in different periods. For example, information channels always play a significant role in the tail risk spillover, while financial contact channels play a role in weakening the tail risk spillover in the special period when the mechanism reform and the vulnerability of Chinese mainland market increase.Meanwhile, this paper provides countermeasures and suggestions for effectively preventing systemic financial risks and strengthening financial coordination and supervision.

How to accelerate the digital technology innovation is directly related to whether the problem of "stranglehold" can be properly solved. Based on the panel data of 279 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2021, this paper empirically discussed the influence and mechanism of digital inclusive finance on digital technology innovation by using the method of intermediary effect. The results show that: (1)Digital inclusive finance significantly promotes digital technology innovation, and this conclusion is still valid after a series of endogeneity and robustness tests.(2)Digital inclusive finance has heterogeneity in its direct impact on digital technology innovation. On the one hand, there are structural differences in the empowerment of digital inclusive finance, which is manifested as the strongest empowerment effect in the depth of use, the second coverage breadth, and the least digitalization degree; on the other hand, digital inclusive finance empowerment has a spatio-temporal difference. That is, its driving effect is more prominent after 2015, and its incentive effect on the eastern region is higher than that of the central, western and northeastern regions.(3)Digital inclusive finance can also indirectly have a positive impact on digital technology innovation by improving urban entrepreneurial vitality, enhancing digital talent reserve and stimulating government financial scientific and technological support, but the direct empowering effect of digital finance is more obvious at this stage. The research has important implications for the country to promote the coordinated development of digital inclusive finance and digital technology innovation under the new development pattern.

The crime of sabotaging computer information systems has been criticized as a "catch-all crime", yet it is also applied to address cases in intersecting fields. The key point of contradiction lies in the failure to accurately define the legal interest it seeks to protect. Based on the societal characteristics of the web 3.0 era, in reality, the crime of sabotaging computer information systems has transformed from a pure computer crime into a part of cybercrime. At the normative level, the construction of the legal interest should shift from protecting interests exclusive to specific entities to protecting interests within the interactions among entities. The crime of sabotaging computer information systems protects the design function that computer information systems can achieve based on their inherent functions. Only when the behavior affects the function of the computer information systems to a degree that poses an abstract danger to the social network established through these systems can it constitute the crime of sabotaging computer information systems. Defining the legal interest in this manner not only meets the needs of criminal policy but also withstands scrutiny under the principles of legal doctrine.

The application of automation technology in police administrative enforcement has brought a series of hidden worries about the rule of law, and its administrative process faces many problems in authorization mechanism, organization mechanism, procedure mechanism, value mechanism, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct automated police administrative enforcement with process theory as the frame and to replace single behavioral cybernetics with data-behavior dual cybernetics, which consists of three major elements: pre-mechanism construction, legalization of data process and post-data relationship formation. Therefore, it is suggested to start from the source control of data power and carry out law review on the data benchmark of automated police law enforcement. At the same time, the data capacity building of public security organs should be strengthened, the due administrative procedure system and discretionary control system should be further improved, so as to build the legal supervision mechanism of automated police law enforcement, and realize the rule of law of automated police administrative enforcemtnt.

The "streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services (SDI)"has achieved significant results in recent years. However, there lacks empirical research from the perspective of leadership to explore the factors influencing the effectiveness of the "SDI" reform. This study addressed this gap by constructing a theoretical model of leadership and the effectiveness of the "SDI" reform and proposed corresponding research hypotheses. A sample of 415 questionnaires collected from four districts in City S was used for empirical analysis, employing statistical analysis, structural equation modeling, and the Bootstrap method. The findings reveal that leadership, vision and strategy, and civil servants construction significantly impact the effectiveness of the "SDI" reform. Leadership not only directly influences the peripheral effectiveness of the "SDI" reform, but also exerts an indirect effect through vision and strategy, as well as civil servants construction. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the "SDI" reform in national-level development zones is found to be significantly superior to that in traditional administrative regions. Units primarily responsible for urban management and environmental protection, as well as economic regulation and supervision, still face challenges in improving their effectiveness of the "SDI" reform. The number of staff within different organizations significantly affects the effectiveness of the "SDI" reform. Based on the research findings, relevant policy recommendations were proposed to further deepen the reform and enhance its effectiveness.

Sun Yat-sen had long conceived and explored the idea of establishing a military academy, which was not inspired by Maring. The "June 16 Mutiny" was a key factor that prompted Sun Yat-sen to firmly resolve to establish a military academy and create a "party army". To fulfill the needs of founding the academy, building the "party army", and unifying China, Sun Yat-sen adopted the policies of "allying with Russia" and "accommodating the Communists". His decision to locate the academy in Guangzhou's Huangpu was a wise choice. The Huangpu Military Academy, established with the assistance of the Soviet Union, the Communist International and the Chinese Communist Party, was the culmination of Sun Yat-sen's 30-year pursuit of armed struggle. It marked a revolutionary transformation in modern Chinese military education and laid a solid foundation for the success of the Northern Expedition.

Adhering to a scientific way of thinking and continuously adapting Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times is the fundamental basis for the CPC to take historical initiative and create great historical achievements. The basic guidelines for the Communist Party of China to adapt Marxism to the Chinese context and the needs of the times are as follows: demonstrating the practical power of Marxism in the unity of applying theory and solving problems, nurturing the cultural power of Marxism in the unity of adhering to principles and rooting in culture, exerting the transformative power of Marxism in the unity of self-reform and social transformation, and strengthening the truth power of Marxism in the unity of adhering to principles and developing innovation. It reflects the methodological evolution of scientific theory in the context of contemporary problems and practical themes from four dimensions: the path of creation, the foundation of innovation, the theoretical attributes, and the results of creation. It serves as the practical guide for the continued development of contemporary Chinese Marxism and 21st-century Marxism.

Strengthening the institutionalization of Marxist ideology is not only an important part of building China's ideological discourse system, but also an essential guarantee for building a socialist ideology with strong cohesion and combat effectiveness. The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China provides a highly condensed philosophical summary of the worldview and methodology of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, with the core encapsulated in the "Six Must-Adheres".This fully reflects our party's profound theoretical self-confidence and methodological consciousness, providing principled guidance for further adhering to the fundamental system of Marxism's guiding position in the ideological field in the new era. In the process of institutionalization of Marxist ideology, we must adhere to the value orientation of the inherent unity of party spirit and people's character, adhere to the self-confidence and self-reliance of ideological production, distribution and propaganda, adhere to the basic principles and innovative thinking methods of ideological work, adhere to the problem orientation of socialist ideological construction, adhere to the systematic concept of coordinating the institutional relations of different ranks, and adhere to the global pattern turn of building China's narrative discourse system.

In recent years, China's criminal legislation has shown a tendency to expand the scope of criminal offenses, particularly in the direction of legally defined crimes, administrative offenses, and minor offenses. This trend has triggered the academic community's concern about the "over-criminalization" of criminal legislation, "emotive legislation", and "symbolic legislation". Legislation". "Legislating crime and judicially punishing crime" should be the overall direction for the improvement of China's crime management system at present and in the future, and the separation of deservedness of punishment and the necessity of punishment is an important theoretical tool for the realization of the above goal. Based on the functionalist criminal law interpretation, the deservedness of punishment is the entity judgment of subjective and objective blameworthiness of the behavior within the criminal law system, and the necessity of punishment is the purposeful judgment of the necessity of prevention of the behavior outside the criminal law system. The separation conforms to the needs of crime management in the era of misdemeanors, fits the internal logic of justification of punishment, manifests the value concept of modesty in criminal law, and integrates the implementation of the criminal policy of leniency and severity, and has the foundation of legitimacy. In terms of the construction of specific criminalization mechanisms, the mechanism of the proviso clause should be activated, objective punishment conditions should be introduced, and mechanisms for the restoration of legal interests should be promoted.

The dialectical unity of Xi Jinping's cultural thought in ideological system and thinking logic reflects Xi Jinping's holistic and systematic thinking on cultural construction in the new era. Specifically, Xi Jinping's cultural thought adheres to the dialectical unity of goal orientation and problem orientation in ideological generation, adheres to the dialectical unity of integrity and innovation in ideological views, achieves to the dialectical unity of comprehensiveness and focus in ideological construction, adheres to the dialectical unity of party spirit and people's nature in ideological principles, adheres to the dialectical unity of trend and nationalization in ideological form, adheres to the dialectical unity of Chinese civilization and world civilization in the ideological value. These six sets of dialectical unity are not only the embodiment of the rich dialectical implications in Xi Jinping's cultural thought, but also the key relationships that need to be grasped in correctly understanding and interpreting Xi Jinping's cultural thought and promoting the construction of a cultural power.

The efficient development of scientific and technological talents is of great significance to the regional development.Based on the panel data of 11 provinces in western China from 2011 to 2022, this study explored the motivation and path of improving the development efficiency of scientific and technological talents in western China with the hybrid method of super-efficiency SBM and dynamic QCA in order to find the best solution suitable for the efficient development of scientific and technological talents in western China. The results show that: (1)It is difficult for a single condition to constitute a necessary condition for improving the efficiency of scientific and technological talent development in western China, but the necessity of government incentives, economic development and industrial structure presents a dynamic growth trend and has a high bottleneck level; there are significant regional differences in the necessary conditions for a single factor to improve the efficiency of scientific and technological talent development in western China. (2)There are three realization paths to improve the efficiency of scientific and technological talent development in western China: "government incentive-innovation environment" synergistic type, "education level-government incentive-innovation environment"commensal type and "government incentive" driven type, among which the core role of government incentive is more common. From the time point of view, the three configurations have high stability in the time series, and the overall trend shows that the explanatory power is gradually enhanced. (3)From the regional point of view, different provinces can choose the optimization path that conforms to the regional characteristics. The conclusion can provide useful enlightenment for the construction of scientific and technological talents in western China.

Data opening is a concrete manifestation of government in the transformation of digital governance. In the process of data opening, the government faces risks such as data privacy disclosure and data abuse. As a necessary condition to promote government data opening, the data opening license agreement is the significant way to delineate the scope of openness, clarify the rights and obligations of opening subjects, and foresee the responsibility in case of improper use of data. The coexistence of public law and private law in the data opening licensing agreement does not affect its application as one of the types of administrative agreements, but the absence of the actual specification of the data opening license agreement and the practical application obstacles have had a negative impact on government data opening. The potential concerns of data opening license agreements may be actively addressed from the dimensions of legislative follow-up and judicial protection, so as to promote the implementation and evolution of government data opening.

With the rapid development of information technology and the popularization of the internet, digital trade has become a new engine of economic growth in China. This study used the entropy method to evaluate the development status of digital trade in 31 provinces in China from 2012 to 2021, and constructed the inter-provincial digital trade correlation relationship through the modified gravity model. Moreover, the structure and driving factors of the spatial correlation network of digital trade in China's provinces were thoroughly discussed and analyzed by using social network analysis method and QAP. The results show that there is an imbalance among Chinese provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government) in the development of digital trade, showing a distribution pattern of"strong in the east and weak in the west". The development of digital trade has a significant spatial correlation network structure. The eastern region occupies a central position in the spatial correlation network of digital trade development, while the western region is relatively marginalized. Most of the eastern provinces are net benefit plates, most of the western provinces are net overflow plates, most of the digital trade developed provinces are broker plates, and the other provinces are double overflow plates. The closer regions are in terms of internet penetration rate, the proportion of tertiary industry added value to regional GDP, and the level of urbanization, the stronger their spatial linkage in digital trade. The study provides certain reference and inspiration for understanding and promoting the development of digital trade in China.

Central banks occupy an important place in the study of the law of State immunity due to their unique natue. Building upon existing legistation, the Law of the People′s Republic of China on Foreign State Immunity absorbs and draws on the beneficial aspects of the relevant international conventions and the laws on the immunity of other states, and it comprehensively stipulates the jurisdictional immunity of the central bank of a foreign state as well as the immunity from execution. The Law of the People′s Republic of China on Foreign state Immunity treats the central bank as an integral part of the foreign state. When a central bank qualifies as a "foreign state" and has not waived its jurisdictional immunity, and the cause of action does not pertain to "commercial activities, " the central bank is entitled to jurisdictional immunity. Based on jurisdictional immunity, China grants a higher degree of enforcement immunity to the property of foreign central banks. Only when the foreign state waives enforcement immunity or the central bank is deemed ineligible as a legal entity will its property not be entitled to enforcement immunity. the principle of reciprocity occupies an important place in the Law of the People′s Republic of China on Foreign State Immunity, but the specific application of the reciprocity clause still requires the relevant authorities to formulate supporting documents in practice.

The application of AI in the field of arbitration has become a fact, but compared with the principle of AI-assisted trial, which is clearly defined in the judiciary of some countries, the boundary of the limit of AI in the field of arbitration in China has not yet been clarified. Based on the three positive impacts brought about by the applications of AI in international commercial arbitration, namely, improving arbitration efficiency, saving arbitration costs, and promoting arbitration justice, we can actively anticipate the prospects of artificial intelligence in international commercial arbitration. However, it is necessary to calmly consider the limiting factors of applying artificial intelligence to international commercial arbitration: the limited accuracy of artificial intelligence decision-making under data difficulties, the disparity between probabilistic reasoning and interactive ability, and the demand for arbitration justice, the reduction of the advantages of arbitration characteristics and the emergence of ethical risks. As a result, AI must be limited to an auxiliary position. It is necessary to restrict artificial intelligence to an auxiliary position and adopt regulatory approaches that combine principles and methods. Based on adhering to the principles of humanity, security, agility and globality, and by integrating rigid governance with soft governance, setting baselines and strict supervision, and combining self-discipline with external discipline, as well as coordinating international rule of law with domestic rule of law.

In the digital intelligence era, artificial intelligence technology has been applied to multiple aspects of commercial arbitration, including but not limited to information guidance, precedent case retrieval, as well as evidence organization and enumeration.The hidden concerns of artificial intelligence commercial arbitration manifest in external forms such as bundled applications, algorithm misconduct, and relief barriers. Its essence lies in the "dual control" of commercial arbitration autonomy and artificial intelligence automated decision-making, the "dual secrecy" of commercial arbitration confidentiality and artificial intelligence privacy, and the "bidirectional conflict" between limited judicial review of arbitration rulings and the demand for artificial intelligence applications by arbitration institutions. At present, there is still lack of a specialized legal norm for artificial intelligence commercial arbitration. Effective governance of artificial intelligence commercial arbitration can be achieved by adopting a governance model that integrates institutional self-regulation with public regulation, employs a mix of constraints and incentives as governance tools, and combines algorithmic regulation with judicial review. This approach aims to promote the sustained and regulated development of AI commercial arbitration.

Promoting the combination of traditional Chinese virtues and Marx's virtue thought is an important path for the construction of civic morality in the new era. While exploring how to continue and develop traditional Chinese virtues, it is necessary to actively promote specialized research on Marx's virtue thought. Currently, scholars at home and abroad have conducted in-depth discussions and exchanges on whether Marx's moral philosophy is a virtue ethics. This enlightens us not to simply observe Marx's moral philosophy in the form of Western ethics, but to interpret and analyze Marx's virtue thought from the perspective of Marxist ethical paradigm. The practice-oriented thinking of the materialist view of history has overcome the defects of traditional ethics, which focused on abstract or a priori human nature while neglecting the reality of human beings, emphasized the supremacy of value judgment while denying the unity of factual description and value judgment, and aimed at explaining the world rather than transforming it. This has defined the basic paradigm for the study of Marx's virtue theory. Under the guidance of practical thinking, only by scientifically understanding Marx's concept of virtue, firmly grasping Marx's discourse on virtue, and accurately analyzing the problem domain of Marx's virtue thought, can we better expand the research space of Marx's virtue thought.

The division of joint ownership equity between spouses should break through existing theories of equity nature, examine and deconstruct the manifestations of internal ownership structures of equity, distinguishing between the rightful ownership forms within equity and the rights of shareholders (including personal rights and property rights of shareholders). Based on the separation of internal ownership forms of equity, a new theoretical path is sought for explaining the division of joint ownership equity between spouses. Unlike the internal or external transfer of equity, the complete division of joint ownership equity between spouses should be divided into two stages: the first stage achieves changes in ownership, that is, the object of the division of joint equity between spouses is determined as the amount of capital contribution, and make the amount of capital contribution changed in the sense of "property", to which the relevant legal norms of the Civil Code of "Property Rights Section" and "Marriage and Family Section" are applied; the second stage allows the non-shareholding spouse to claim shareholder status and transfer shareholder rights based on their allocated ownership rights in the limited liability company, which the relevant legal norms of the Company Law is applied.